Ḥorvat Beth Loya - Church - Narthex

Location in the architectural complex: 
Narthex
Mosaic floor
Illustrative material: 
Materials, palette: 
white, gray, black, ochre, mustard, yellow-beige, burgundy, red-white, pinkish, orange
Density: 
90-130 per sq. dm in the animal figures, it is even higher in the heads and limbs of human figures, where use was made of 'opus vermiculatum', particularly in the facial features.
Composition: 
What can be learned from the marginal fragments survived: the outer border consisted originally from the populated wine scrolls, with humans (east), animals and birds, while the corners (south-west and north-east) were set with fruit baskets. Unlike the inhabited scrolls of the Nave that imitate a rather regular geometric design with one figure or object within each medallion, the grape vines of the Narthex are more free of a strict formal pattern. The figural images too are not limited to one medallion frame, but rather overlap the pattern, extend over two or more medallions or "disturb" one another within the same scroll-frame. This dynamism in composition is mirrored in themes selected - running lioness, pecking ibis(?), dog chasing a rabbit - the figures are better described in motion. The animals include a deer, a collared hunting dog chasing a rabbit, a dugged lioness and various swamp fowl. At the centre of the western border a cross or a tree was apparently depicted, flanked by lambs. The medallions along the eastern border contain human figures alternating with animal representations. Only the upper parts of the figures survive (two male and one female bearing a basket of fruit on her shoulder), but these fragments include faces, otherwise destroyed in all other mosaics in situ.
Geometric patterns: 
Avi-Yonah A5
Avi-Yonah A6
Avi-Yonah B2
Iconographical motives: 
lioness
bird
human figure
fruit basket
deer
hunting dog chasing a rabbit
rabbit
dog
man
woman
lamb
Comments: 
It was suggested that other fragments of the mosaic depict a monkey and a bear rearing on its hind legs with their two trainers (Patrich, J. and Tsafrir, Y., 1993:265-272, p. 268). The mosaic floor has a bottom layer, about 0.1 m thick, made of small stone chips mixes into a gray-white clay. On top of its leveled surface, 1-1.5 cm of white lime plaster was laid, into which the tesserae were embedded while it was still soft.
Discussion: 
The interpretation of the lambs flanking the suggested cross or a tree at the centre of the western border was as the 'Agnus Dei', the Lamb of God (John 1:29) (Patrich, J. and Tsafrir, Y., 1993:265-272, p. 268). However, in this particular meaning the lamb will not appear in pair, but rather alone.