Vertical tabsChurch Name, type, functionSite Name: Jerusalem (Old city)Church name: Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Golgotha)Functional Type: MemorialChurch type: Chapel LocationCoordinates, ITM system: 221.91631.77 Coordinates, ICS system: 171.911,131.77 Location: UrbanGeographical region: Jerusalem (Old City)0Distance from nearest settlement: Inside the settlement.Provincial affiliation: Palaestina IBishopric: Jerusalem Source of knowledgeHideLiterary sources Text number Summary 1 Mention of the Hillock of Golgotha, from an itinerary of ca. AD 333. 2 Daily and Sunday liturgy at the Cross, from an itinerary of AD 381-384. 3 Epiphany at the Cross. 4 Easter season at the Cross. 5 Miracle relating to the Rock of the Holy Golgotha, from from a life of Peter the Iberian written shortly after his death in AD 491. 6 Description of the court of Golgotha and of the various relics kept in it, from a pilgrim's guide to Jerusalem from the beginning of the 6th cent. 7 Description of Calvary, from an itinerary of ca. AD 518-530. 8 Description of the site of Crucifixion at Golgotha, from an itinerary of ca. AD 570. 9 Description of the church built on the site of Calvary, from an itinerary of ca. AD 681-684, composed ca. 698. 10 Description of the Golgotha church, largely based on Adamnan, from a geographical work compiled AD 702-703. 11 Mention of the church and Adam's tomb beneath the place of Crucifixion, from an 8th cent. guidebook for pilgrims. 12 Inventory of the clergy and monks employed in the complex of the Holy Sepulchre, from an official report ordered in AD 808. 13 Measurements of the different parts of the complex. Archaeological remainsBibliograpy: Schick, C. and Guthe, H., 1885 Germer-Durand, J., 1896 Mommert, C., 1898 Wilson, C. W. , 1906 Jeffery, G., 1919 Duckworth, H. T. F., 1922 Harvey, W., 1935 Crowfoot, J. W., 1941 Parrot, A., 1957 Coüasnon, C., 1974 Corbo, V. C., 1981-1982 Ovadiah, A. and de Silva, C. G., 1982 Vincent, L. H. and Abel, F. M., 1914-1926 Patrich, J., 1993 Patrich, J. , 2016 Patrich, J., 2020135 Abbreviation for Journals and Series General descriptionState of preservation/which parts were uncovered: According to sources the Rock of Golgotha had a golden cross inlaid in it. A staircase from the north lead to the top of the Rock, which part of its remains were removed or currently blocked off. An intersecting vault , standing on four piers was built after the Sassanian conquest,and in later date the eastern part was closed by a wall. DescriptionIllustrative material: Illustrative_material Photos Figures Small finds Comments, discussion and summary: A christian tradition connets the Rock to Adam's grave. From the 6th century sources mention Adam's chapel or Abraham's altar under the Rock. The Crusaders extends Adam's chapel to the east and serves as a musaleum to kings. Detailed descriptionStructure Architectural EvolutionPhase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Dating material: The complex was built by order of Emperor Constantine and his mother Helena. Phase dateCentury: 4th c. General outline: A canopy was first built above the rock.Dating material: Based on historical resources the church was damaged during the Persian conquest and rebuilt prior to the Arculf's description, dated between 679-688. Phase dateCentury: 7th c.Within century: First half General outline: The eastern side of the canopy was closed by a wall. Adam's chapel is extended. A dorway and second stairway to the Rock is built from the south.Dating material: The entire comples was dameged in 1009 by the Fatimis cahliph. The Anatasis and the golgotha were restored, the Basilica was not. The restoration began in 1030 and was completed by 1048. Phase dateCentury: 11th c.Within century: First half Post Arab conquest history: ModifiedPost conquest history comments: A canopy was first built above the rock. In continuous use
