13191 |
Bethlehem |
The Nativity: Justinian church |
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Memorial |
Trefoil |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
+ |
Cave of Nativity. Accessed by two staircases from the northern and southern transept. Earlier staircase, ascending from the west, was blocked. The bronze door at the top of the northern staircase is Justinianic.
A conch in the eastern wall holding an altar. A silver star underneath marks the place of nativity. Few steps near the SE corner descend to the place of the Manger and the Adoration of the Magi. An opening of a cistern is located in the NW corner.
--- Underground Chapel of St. Jerome - under the southern portico of the Franciscan Cloister.
--- Cistern under the NW part of the bema. Its opening is the Well of the Star. |
Commemorating the Nativity. |
Facing east |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
4 |
Colonnade |
Corinthian |
Transept aisles |
External apses, round |
trefoil |
apsidal |
U shaped without lateral openings |
Only one lateral opening, on the south, leading to a staircase ascending to the Sacristy and Chapel of St. George. |
2 steps up |
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Marble, table like |
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On the apse cord |
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Hemispherical |
Yes |
Against the apse |
grades |
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On the apse cord |
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Bones are shown in the Tomb of the Holy Innocents. For traditional tombs of other saints, see above, under Crypt. |
A monolithic baptismal font of reddish (mizzi ahmar) stone, is standing at present in the southern aisle of the basilica. It is attested there since the 16th c. (Ben Pechat 1989: fig. 18). A Greek votive inscription framed in a tabula ansata reads: “For remembrance, rest, and remission of sins of those whose names the Lord knows”. Both the epigraphic characteristics and the overall shape point to a sixth-century date. A marble font, smaller in size, was stuck inside. Following a recent inspection it was suggested that originally the monolith was open at its bottom. The 1934 excavations brought to light the circular opening of the well in the northern side and next to the bema - seemingly the well inside which the Star of the Magi was shown to pilgrims. It was suggested that the said monolith may have originally served as well-head of this well. Hence the very existence and the original location of the baptistery are unknown. |
Monolithic |
octagonal |
quadrifoil |
9c |
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--- Tombs of Sts. Eusebius, St. Jerome, St. Paula and Eustochium - under the eastern end of the northern aisles of the basilica.
--- Tomb of the Holy Innocents, under the northern transept.
--- Burial Grottos, under the southern external aisle of the basilica. |
AS |
1 |
14532 |
Bethlehem |
MILK GROTTO |
Virgin Mary |
Memorial |
Cave church |
Judean Hills |
Jerusalem |
Palaestina I |
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ST |
1 |
13315 |
Bethlehem |
Mausoleum of David |
David |
Memorial |
Unknown |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
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SB |
1 |
13175 |
Bethlehem |
The Nativity: Constantinian church |
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Memorial |
Basilical |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
+ |
Cave of Nativity. Accessible by a single staircase located at the eastern end of the nave, later blocked. The staircase had two flight of stairs: first a short N-S one, and then a W-E one, going down into the Cave / Grotto. The existence of an oculus in the ceiling is debated. |
Commemorating the Nativity of Christ. |
Facing east |
Yes |
Yes |
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4 |
Colonnade |
Corinthian |
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no remains |
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+ |
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N & S |
A white mosaic with crosses. |
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AS |
1 |
13703 |
Bethlehem |
Chapel |
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Unknown |
Unknown |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
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SB |
1 |
13179 |
Duer el-Loz |
Chapel |
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Unknown |
Chapel |
Golan Heights |
Hippos |
Palaestina II |
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Facing east |
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Yes |
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apsidal |
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Hemispherical |
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TB |
1 |
13129 |
Ḥorvat So'a; Khirbet Sa'wa |
Church |
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Monastic |
Basilical |
Beer Sheba Valley |
Eleutheropolis |
Palaestina I |
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Facing east |
No |
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No |
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External apse, round |
dead end aisles (mon-aps III) |
apsidal |
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TB |
1 |
13288 |
Castra Samaritanorum; Ḥorvat Qastra; Khirbet Kafr Samir |
Northeastern church |
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Parochial |
Annex\es on the south |
Mt. Carmel |
Porphyreon |
Phoenice I |
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Facing east |
Yes |
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Yes |
2 |
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Internal apse |
monoapsidal with lockable pastophoria (mon-aps II) |
apsidal |
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The type of bema is unknown. |
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no remains |
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+ |
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Yes |
Against the apse |
grades |
Semicircular steps of the synthronon with a throne or cathedra in its center were exposed against the apse. It was built probably in the second phase at the same time with the apse. |
N & S |
The function of the northern pastophoria is unknown. It was rectangular room that was built in the second phase at the same time with the apse. |
The southern pastophoria was built in the second phase and was extended to the south with the construction of the baptistery. |
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The baptistery was built in the second phase in the form of a Greek cross and was located in the room that was developed from the southern pastophoria. The capacity of the baptistery was reduced later by filling three branches of the cross by ashlars. In the third phase it was overlaid by a large chapel paved by mosaic floor. |
Masonry built |
cruciform |
cruciform |
4a |
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AS |
1 |
13289 |
Castra Samaritanorum; Ḥorvat Qastra; Khirbet Kafr Samir |
Western Church |
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Parochial |
Basilica with an annexed chapel |
Mt. Carmel |
Porphyreon |
Phoenice I |
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Facing east |
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No |
2 |
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External apse, round |
monoapsidal with lockable pastophoria (mon-aps II) |
apsidal |
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N & S |
The function is unknown. |
The function is unknown. |
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Monolithic |
octagonal |
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9c |
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AS |
1 |
17847 |
Beer Sheba |
Church 1 |
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Unknown |
Unknown |
Beer Sheba Valley |
Saltus Gerariticus |
Palaestina III |
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SB |
1 |
15195 |
Beer Sheba |
Triconch Church |
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Parochial |
Transept |
Beer Sheba Valley |
Saltus Gerariticus |
Palaestina III |
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Facing east |
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Yes |
2 |
Colonnade |
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Transept aisles |
External apse, quadrangular |
dead end aisles (mon-aps III) |
apsidal |
U shaped |
U shaped. It is not known if any lateral entrances existed. |
3 steps up |
no remains |
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Yes |
side plates, indicated by screen |
N |
Marble |
On a Rectangular slab |
Flush with the bema |
Hemispherical |
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N & S |
Located in the NE corner of the cruciform internal space. Rectangular in shape; lockable. Entrance from the long southern wall, flanked by plastered benches facing the bema. |
Located in the SE corner of the cruciform internal space. Rectangular in shape; lockable. Entrance from the long northern wall, near its eastern end. A plastered bench facing the bema extended on the west of this entrance. |
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ST |
1 |
17850 |
Beer Sheba |
Church 2 |
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Unknown |
Unknown |
Beer Sheba Valley |
Saltus Gerariticus |
Palaestina III |
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SB |
1 |
13303 |
Beer Sheba |
Triapsidal Church |
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Unknown |
Free standing basilica |
Beer Sheba Valley |
Saltus Gerariticus |
Palaestina III |
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tri-apsidal |
apsidal |
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under altar |
A cavity built of marble slabs under the altar. |
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A series of tombs were uncovered between the two floors of the apse. All but one tomb, which contained the burial of a child, contained several burials. No small finds. |
SB |
1 |
13314 |
'Ein ed-Dirweh |
St. Philip? |
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Memorial |
Free standing basilica |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
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Facing east |
Yes |
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Colonnade |
Corinthian |
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N & S |
Lockable room. |
Lockable room. |
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A natural stream is in the area and a well was located south- west of the church, with a canal leading to it from the church area.
The well is connected to the tradition of St. Philip's baptism of the eunuch (Acts 8, 26-38) |
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SB |
1 |
13324 |
Beit Safafa |
Church |
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Funerary chapel |
Free standing basilica |
Judean Hills |
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Palaestina I |
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Fasing west |
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2 |
Colonnade |
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A mausoleum divided by thin wall 17 cm. wide, into 7-8 tombs with white mosaic floors and covered by stone slabs. Four of the tombs contained lead coffins and own contained two small lead coffins. One of the small coffins contained an infant only a few months old. |
SB |
1 |
13341 |
Dabburiya |
church (?) |
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Unknown |
Unknown |
Lower Galilee |
Sepphoris |
Palaestina II |
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AS |
1 |
13352 |
Deir el 'Asal |
Church |
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Unknown |
Basilical |
Judean Hills |
Eleutheropolis |
Palaestina I |
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AS |
1 |
13365 |
Caesarea |
Octagonal Church |
The name of the saint martyr St. Procopius was suggested by some scholars (Shalev-Hurwitz, for example), but this is far from being certain. Another possibility is St. Cornelius (AP, 46). |
Martyr's shrine |
Octagonal |
Coastal plain |
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Palaestina I |
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Facing east |
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Yes |
Yes |
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Built over the marble floor of the eastern side of the ambulatory a decade or two after the inauguration of the octagonal martyrion, ca. 500 CE. A semicircular shape is conjectured. |
2 steps up |
no remains |
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Yes |
base plate |
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Marble |
On a circular slab |
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elsewhere |
The excavators believe that originally the church relics were placed in a masonry pit in the geometrical center of the church. The locale of the reliquary was decorated by green marble (Cipollino) slabs, only bits of which came to light. |
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SB |
1 |
13367 |
Caesarea |
Chapel of St. Paul? |
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Unknown |
Free standing |
Coastal plain |
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Palaestina I |
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Two sarcophagi were found in secondary use as water basins in the warehouse area. As the cemetery area is 700 m. away, it seems unlikely that they were carried all the way instead of building basins with masonry blocks. The excavators believe that they, along with the mortuary inscription, relate to the chapel. A possible crypt might have been in a room, 3X3.5 m., annexed to the south of the chapel, east of the room used for the stairs to the chapel. The crypt room has a fill of earth under its floor which is 2.75 m. lower than the chapel's floor. The only possible entrance is from the north, presumably using wooden stairs or a ladder. |
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Facing east |
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SB |
1 |
16137 |
Caesarea |
Martyrs Chapel |
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Martyr's chapel |
Free standing |
Coastal plain |
Caesarea |
Palaestina I |
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JP |
1 |